\Gsection{Example of an A3}

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Figure~\ref{fig:LEANoverviewA3} shows an example of an architecture overview shown on a single A3.
This A3 shows the ``super-super'' system: the wafer back-end factory, where nearly finished
wafers are processed and where Integrated Circuits (ICs) are produced.
Part of the process at factory level is the metal printing.
The metal printing related process steps are shown at factory level, both visually,
as work flow steps, as well as quantifying the throughput in minutes per wafer.

The next layer in Figure~\ref{fig:LEANoverviewA3} shows the ``super'' system: the cell.
In factories all equipment related to a process step is organized in cells.
A cell is a self sustained unit in the factory that can perform all operations required for this
specific process step.
The core entity of the cell is the wafer handling robot.
This robot transports wafers from the containers with wafers (so-called FOUPs) to the functions
in the cell, such as pre-fill, clean and print.
The flow of the wafers through the cell is visualized at the right hand side
for one master and one wafer.
The previous and next wafers are simultaneously in the cell; the cell is processing wafers
in pipelined mode.

The third layer shows the decomposition of the metal printer, the system of interest.
These subsystems are shown as back side and front side views plus 7 integrating subsystems.
Next to the subsystem decomposition the work flow of the metal printer is shown.
This work flow is used to create a simple cycle time model as formula.
Note that in the original A3 the formula was annotated with actual performance numbers
to provide numerical insight in the cycle time.

At the top right hand side of the A3 a customer key driver graph is shown
and below the graph the key performance parameters are summarized.

This single A3 shows the system, the system context and the first level of decomposition.
Physical views and functional views are shown.
Quantifications are given at all three levels
as time-line, as table or as formula.
